Upsc Mains 2021 Philosophy: पेपर का पोस्टमार्टम part 2nd Religious Phillosophy
Published at : February 01, 2022
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Religious philosophy is philosophical thinking that is influenced and directed as a consequence to teachings from a particular religion. It can be done objectively, but may also be done as a persuasion tool by believers in that faith. Religious philosophy is predominantly concerned with the conceptions of god, gods, and/or the divine.[1]
Due to historical development of religions, many religions share commonalities with respect to their philosophies. These philosophies are often considered to be universal and include beliefs pertaining to concepts such as afterlife, souls, and miracles.[2]
Each religion also has unique philosophies that distinguish them from other religions, and these philosophies are guided through the concepts and values behind the teaching pertaining to that belief-system. Different religious philosophies include:
Aztec philosophy
Buddhist philosophy – Elaboration and explanation of the delivered teachings of the Buddha
Christian philosophy – Philosophy carried out by Christians
Hindu philosophy – Various systems of thought in Hinduism
Islamic philosophy – Philosophy that is characterised by coming from an Islamic tradition
Jain philosophy – Indian philosophy
Jewish philosophy – Philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism
Sikh philosophy
Taoist philosophy
Zoroastrian philosophy
Philosophical commonalitiesEdit
Religious faith and philosophical reflection are connected to one another. Religious tradition influences the philosophical thinking and beliefs of followers of that religion.[3]
Many philosophical commonalities have arisen amongst religions due to core historical foundations. For example, Abrahamic religions, which encompass Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha’i Faith, Yezidi, Druze, Samaritan and Rastafari, share philosophical commonalities, although differ in their presentation of these philosophical concepts through their respective religious texts.[4][5]
There are also philosophical concepts and reasoning in religious teachings that were conceived independently from one another, however, are still similar and reflect analogous ideas.[6] For example, the argument and reasoning for the existence of an omniscient god or multiple gods can be found in several religions including Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Another example includes the philosophical concept of free will; present in monotheistic religions as well as in polytheistic religions.[6]
TypesEdit
Intuitive religious philosophy
Many religious concepts are considered to be ‘cross-culturally ubiquitous’[2] as they are ‘cognitively natural’.[7][2] They are considered to be intuitive, meaning that they arise without much direction, instruction, or coaching in early stages of our intellectual development,[8] and do not necessarily arise from cultural influence.[9] Such religious concepts include beliefs concerning ‘afterlife, souls, supernatural agents, and miraculous events’.[2]
Religious philosophy is philosophical thinking that is influenced and directed as a consequence to teachings from a particular religion. It can be done objectively, but may also be done as a persuasion tool by believers in that faith. Religious philosophy is predominantly concerned with the conceptions of god, gods, and/or the divine.[1]
Due to historical development of religions, many religions share commonalities with respect to their philosophies. These philosophies are often considered to be universal and include beliefs pertaining to concepts such as afterlife, souls, and miracles.[2]
Each religion also has unique philosophies that distinguish them from other religions, and these philosophies are guided through the concepts and values behind the teaching pertaining to that belief-system. Different religious philosophies include:
Aztec philosophy
Buddhist philosophy – Elaboration and explanation of the delivered teachings of the Buddha
Christian philosophy – Philosophy carried out by Christians
Hindu philosophy – Various systems of thought in Hinduism
Islamic philosophy – Philosophy that is characterised by coming from an Islamic tradition
Jain philosophy – Indian philosophy
Jewish philosophy – Philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism
Sikh philosophy
Taoist philosophy
Zoroastrian philosophy
Philosophical commonalitiesEdit
Religious faith and philosophical reflection are connected to one another. Religious tradition influences the philosophical thinking and beliefs of followers of that religion.[3]
Many philosophical commonalities have arisen amongst religions due to core historical foundations. For example, Abrahamic religions, which encompass Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha’i Faith, Yezidi, Druze, Samaritan and Rastafari, share philosophical commonalities, although differ in their presentation of these philosophical concepts through their respective religious texts.[4][5]
There are also philosophical concepts and reasoning in religious teachings that were conceived independently from one another, however, are still similar and reflect analogous ideas.[6] For example, the argument and reasoning for the existence of an omniscient god or multiple gods can be found in several religions including Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Another example includes the philosophical concept of free will; present in monotheistic religions as well as in polytheistic religions.[6]
TypesEdit
Intuitive religious philosophy
Many religious concepts are considered to be ‘cross-culturally ubiquitous’[2] as they are ‘cognitively natural’.[7][2] They are considered to be intuitive, meaning that they arise without much direction, instruction, or coaching in early stages of our intellectual development,[8] and do not necessarily arise from cultural influence.[9] Such religious concepts include beliefs concerning ‘afterlife, souls, supernatural agents, and miraculous events’.[2]
upscupsc mainsupsc mains 2021